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巫師解釋線上和陸地賭博管轄權

介紹

線上和陸地賭博管轄區儘管各行各業的人們都喜歡賭博,但幕後的賭博世界卻幾乎自成一體,由各個部分組成,它們不僅維持著整個行業的運轉,還保護著遊戲的公平性、玩家以及所有參與者。這些以及其他方面背後的監管不僅為所有參與者創造並維護了一個公平、透明和安全的環境。

幾乎每個博彩合法化的國家都設有某種形式的監管,即使只是地方法律,可能透過警方行動執行刑事處罰,或設立監管體系進行監督。大多數地區的具體規定各不相同,但至少有一些共同點

歡迎您探索下方列出的任何司法管轄區,並尋找具體資訊。在本篇全球博彩司法管轄區概覽中,我們還將概述監管背後的典型結構以及博彩監管委員會的一般運作方式。我們將先粗略地區分許可、合規和執法等主要領域,然後再深入闡述一些細節,幫助您理清全局。這種方法應該可以幫助您了解不同司法管轄區在實體賭場和線上賭場監管方面的差異。

每個司法管轄區的頁面都會重點介紹該機構的做法,以及這種差異對您實際的影響,無論您是站在澳門的百家樂賭桌旁,在拉斯維加斯的老虎機旁,還是坐在客廳裡玩在線賭場或體育博彩。了解您所處的監管制度,尤其是線上監管制度,可以幫助您在考慮賭博網站的合法性時做出決定。僅僅推薦、提供中立資訊或將全球所有網站列入黑名單已不再可能,因此我們所能做的最好的事情就是在保持警惕的同時,告知您,作為玩家。

讓我們從頭開始…

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什麼是賭博監管機構?

博彩監管機構是負責執行博彩和遊戲法律的政府機構。這些機構可以監管實體或線上營運商,或兩者兼而有之,以確保其遵守其營運所在司法管轄區的法律。任何監管機構的主要目標都是確保玩家受到保護,維護公平競爭,並防止洗錢和詐欺等犯罪活動發生。

監管框架(即機構的操作指南)因地而異,但大多數監管機構有一些共同點。審查申請人並頒發許可證;(有時會附加針對申請人的具體條款);執行或指示執法以確保合規;進行審計;調查投訴;以及對違規行為處以罰款,這些是幾乎所有監管機構的核心職責。

授權

博彩監管機構最重要的職責之一就是向運營商發放牌照。在大多數司法管轄區,申請人必須符合規定的標準才能獲得執照。有些牌照是透過公開招標獲得的,而有些則由任何合格實體直接申請。有些市場設有固定數量的「先到先得」牌照,並定期發放剩餘牌照。無論如何,申請人及其所有相關實體(個人或企業)都必須接受某種背景調查。監管機構會審查企業歷史和財務狀況,以及任何過去的犯罪活動,在某些地方,也會審查過去與不良行為者的任何關聯。

根據司法管轄區的不同,許可證類型不只一種。庫拉索島博彩監管委員會和其他機構可以頒發任何類型博彩或投注活動的許可證。庫拉索島的單一許可證允許營運商提供體育博彩、同註分彩、賭場遊戲、撲克或幾乎任何其他服務。另一方面,西班牙為每種類型的博彩頒發許可證,因此提供賭場遊戲、體育博彩和賓果遊戲的混合運營商需要三個單獨的許可證。許可證需要每隔幾年更新一次,具體取決於司法管轄區。

使用許可證

監管機構的職責遠不止審查、批准和頒發牌照。大多數監管機構也會監控營運商的活動,以確保其遵守規定。如果法規要求,他們可以即時監控營運。這可以透過共享線上營運的伺服器資料來實現,對於基於伺服器的電子遊戲(例如拉斯維加斯最豪華的賭場裡的老虎機),也可以透過共享伺服器資料來實現。

即時監控在成熟的市場中並不普及,通常只有在政府出於稅務會計目的想要追蹤每一分錢時才會發揮作用,但在監管機構可能對其持牌人甚至其審計師缺乏信任的司法管轄區,即時監控也可以應用。定期審計業者的內部控制並檢查財務記錄也是監控流程的一部分。遊戲公平性和玩家資金的處理方式也是至關重要的合規問題。

GLI、bmi 和eCONGRA等獨立測試實驗室與監管機構合作,透過測試遊戲並頒發證書來確保遊戲公平。這些實驗室主要供線上賭場使用,但其中一些實驗室影響力深遠且備受推崇,甚至可以委託其處理選舉統計數據和其他公平事務。這些實驗室測試用於產生遊戲結果的隨機數產生器 (RNG)。一些最知名的實驗室,例如 eCOGRA 和 iTech Labs,將為通過其嚴格測試程序的賭場提供認證。其他測試證書玩家在網路上不太容易找到。

在某些情況下,監管機構可能會立即吊銷執照,而在其他情況下,則需要經過漫長的程序。吊銷執照在大多數情況下是不得已而為之,通常是由於嚴重的犯罪行為或運營商拒絕遵守既定標準而導致的。

操縱遊戲、欺騙或以其他方式誤導玩家或未能保存適當記錄的流氓運營商可能面臨各種嚴厲甚至嚴重的處罰。在西班牙,無牌賭場最高可被處以5000萬歐元的罰款。 The Wizard of Odds、LCB.org等玩家維權網站,甚至可能在監管機構採取行動之前就將不良線上業者列入黑名單。

AML - KYC - 文件驗證

賭博監管委員會的另一項職責是執行反洗錢 (AML) 和了解你的客戶 (KYC) 政策。這些要求旨在防止恐怖主義融資等犯罪活動,或僅清洗黑錢以將犯罪所得投入經濟。大多數司法管轄區遵循金融行動特別工作組 (FATF) 等組織制定的國際標準,並要求營運商識別和驗證客戶身分。對於線上玩家來說, 這最終意味著文件驗證——在實體賭場合規中,這可以是在贏得老虎機大獎後進行現金支付、填寫各種表格,以及賭場監控領域幕後進行的其他操作。

線上運營商必須要求玩家提供個人信息,才能將資金以提款的形式轉入帳戶。必須提供身分和地址證明、金融卡或信用卡帳戶等金融工具的所有權證明以及其他驗證,以確保收款玩家沒有參與非法活動。在美國,大額交易,尤其是超過 10,000 美元的交易,會受到嚴密監控。國際標準要求舉報可疑活動。標準過於寬鬆的業者可能會面臨高額罰款,甚至吊銷執照。一些司法管轄區(例如英國)甚至會更進一步,如果懷疑玩家可能有賭博問題,可能會要求提供財富來源資訊 (SoW) 或完整的個人銀行歷史記錄。

爭議解決

雖然在大多數情況下您無法直接聯繫牌照發放機構,但所有監管機構最終都有責任確保基本的賭博合約得到履行。如果玩家認為自己被騙了,或者運營商沒有履行承諾,他們可以提出投訴。根據具體情況和管轄範圍,監管機構將介入並確保合規。他們可能會調查此事,進行調解,對違規業者處以罰款,或者如果玩家作弊,則禁止其進入遊戲。

玩家和監管機構之間很少直接溝通,但所有司法管轄區都應該建立客戶可以信賴的爭議解決流程。英國博彩委員會就提供了替代性爭議解決服務。在西班牙和義大利等國家,也有正式的程序來調解這些分歧。

監理框架

監理框架儘管不同司法管轄區之間,甚至同一國家線上線下,細節可能存在很大差異,但以下要素通常出現在幾乎所有框架中:許可證和許可證;玩家保護;遊戲公平性;反洗錢/了解你的客戶 (AML/KYC) 要求;負責任博彩;爭議解決和合規性。其中一些要素存在重疊,但所有要素都列在以下列表中:

  • 牌照和許可證:所有合法博彩業者均持有有效牌照。有些牌照比其他牌照更容易取得。公開招標可能僅申請或被扣押就需要巨額資金,但所有持牌業者都必須經過一系列流程,以確保業務流動性、無犯罪記錄,並至少符合反洗錢/了解你的客戶 (AML/KYC) 要求。
  • 玩家保護:即使唯一的監管要求是遵守自我排除請求,遊戲也必須公平,玩家資金安全,大多數司法管轄區必須減少賭博危害。
  • 負責任的賭博措施:根據監管框架的健全程度,業者必須提供資源和工具來幫助防止問題賭博。
  • 違規處罰:違反規定的業者可能面臨巨額罰款、吊銷執照,在某些地區甚至可能受到刑事指控。

並非所有司法管轄區都相同

我們已經介紹了世界各地線上線下博彩監管機構的一些共通性,但這些法律和管理機構的多樣性,就像賭場裡的老虎機一樣。它們的作用大致相同,但不同遊戲之間的差異可能很大。放眼歐洲,我們看到英國和西班牙擁有完善的系統來監管各種形式的博彩。整個官僚機構都圍繞著這些機構建立,並且它們按照規定出色地履行職責。

另一方面,像庫拉索島甚至昂儒昂島這樣的小型監管機構,只負責最低限度的反洗錢和消費者保護。在這些地方以及馬耳他和加拿大卡納瓦克博彩委員會等地,有許多持有牌照的優秀業者。有些監管機構的監管較為寬鬆,在這種情況下,玩家在選擇優秀的線上經營者時,需要承擔更多個人責任。

點擊下方地圖或清單中您想要了解的國家、州、省、地區或城市,以了解更多有關每個賭博管轄區的資訊。